Welcome back to blogging! This week we will be focusing on how changes in DNA affect individuals across different populations. To help us complete this complex work, we will be using our blog as a place to answer specific questions about chromosomal mutations. At the end of reading, choose ONE question to write a response on:
- HOW IS MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS RELATED TO CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS
- HOW DO CHANGES IN CHROMOSOMES AFFECT A HUMAN BEING?
- BASED OFF YOUR PREVIOUS RESEARCH, HOW DO THE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS AFFECT AN INDIVIDUAL?
- HOW IS MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS RELATED TO CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS
- HOW DO CHANGES IN CHROMOSOMES AFFECT A HUMAN BEING?
- BASED OFF YOUR PREVIOUS RESEARCH, HOW DO THE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS AFFECT AN INDIVIDUAL?
Chromosome Mutation
A chromosome mutation is an unpredictable change that occurs in a chromosome. These changes are most often brought on by problems that occur during meiosis (cell division process of gametes) or by mutagens (chemicals, radiation, etc.). Chromosome mutations can result in changes in the number of chromosomes in a cell or changes in the structure of a chromosome. Unlike a gene mutation which alters a single gene or larger segment of DNA on a chromosome, chromosome mutations change and impact the entire chromosome.
Please note that we are only talking about the chromosome changes. We do not need to worry about point mutations yet.
Chromosome Structure Changes
Duplications and breakages of chromosomes are responsible for a type of chromosome mutation that alters chromosome structure. These changes affect protein production by changing the genes on the chromosome. Chromosome structure changes are often harmful to an individual leading to developmental difficulties and even death. Some changes are not as harmful and may have no significant effect on an individual. There are several types of chromosome structure changes that can occur. Some of them include:Chromosome Number Changes
A chromosome mutation that causes individuals to have an abnormal number of chromosomes is termedaneuploidyAneuploid cells occur as a result of chromosome breakage or nondisjunction (non-separatin) errors that happen during meiosis or mitosis. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell division. It produces individuals with either extra or missing chromosomes. Sex chromosome abnormalities that result from nondisjunction can lead to conditions such as Klinefelter and Turner syndromes. In Klinefelter syndrome, males have one or more extra X sex chromosomes. In Turner syndrome, females have only one X sex chromosome. Down syndrome is an example of a condition that occurs due to nondisjunction in autosomal (non-sex) cells. Individuals with Down syndrome have an extra chromosome on autosomal chromosome 21.A chromosome mutation that results in individuals with more than one haploid set of chromosomes in a cell is termedpolyploidy. A haploid cell is a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes. Our sex cells are considered haploid and contain 1 complete set of 23 chromosomes. Our autosomal cells are diploid and contain 2 complete sets of 23 chromosomes. If a mutation causes a cell to have three haploid sets, it is called triploidy. If the cell has four haploid sets, it is called tetraploidy. People who suffer from Down Syndrome can be said to have a triploidy because they have an extra chromosome.
Now that you have read and discussed this post, choose one of the following questions and write a 3-5 sentence response:
- HOW IS MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS RELATED TO CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS
- HOW DO CHANGES IN CHROMOSOMES AFFECT A HUMAN BEING?
- BASED OFF YOUR PREVIOUS RESEARCH, HOW DO THE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS AFFECT AN INDIVIDUAL?
This blog examines the idea of how chromosome disorders affect an individual being. The blog uses information to support how changes in chromosomes affect a human being."Individuals with Down syndrome have an extra chromosome on autosomal chromosome 21." (Perez,1) is a powerful example that suggests that a disorder in a chromosome can affect a human. Another important idea from the blog is,"Chromosome structure changes are often harmful to an individual leading to developmental difficulties and even death."(Perez,1) because it shows that a change in a chromosome can not only cause difficulties in a person but also death which is something that isn't normally supposed to happen. These example confirm the causes of changes in chromosomes.
ReplyDelete-Julie Garcia E.
1A biology ��
This response by Julie Garcia examines the idea of chromosomal disorders becoming an affect to an individual. The response relies on the blog information to explain how Down syndrome is caused when an individual has an extra chromosome 21. Disorders in a chromosome is essential information that explains the effects that can be caused to a human being. These effects would be death and developmental difficulties. Another important idea from Julie's response is chromosome structure changes because it gives detail to side effects for a human with disabilities. In which the side effects normally become symptoms to a human being with disorders. The details found in the response confirm the causes of mitosis and meiosis reproduction of chromosomes affecting a human being.
Delete-Sol Diaz
The blog titled "Chromosomal Disorders" introduces the idea of how the process or meiosis and mitosis can lead to chromosomes abnormalities which can affect a human being. The blog "Chromosomal Disorders" uses information to explain how the cell division process can have affects in chromosomes. These affects affect a human being by not having the necessary number of chromosomes needed. Syndromes is essential information that explains how a human being with syndrome can have symptoms that affect them in their daily life. Examples of these syndromes are Klinefelter and Turner and these are syndromes that mean a human being has extra chromosomes. Additionally, these disorders or syndromes can sometimes have symptoms that affect a human being. Some examples of these symptoms are low neck, bad hearing, and small ears. Another important idea from the blog "Chromosomal Disorders" is the chromosome structure changes which indicates that chromosome changes can often be harmful to an individual. This means that a person can be lead to death or have developmental abilities. Yet, some of the changes aren't that harmful and won't affect an individual. The information found in the blog emphasize the causes of chromosome affects in changes within cell division that can have affects towards a human being.
ReplyDelete-Sol Diaz
The response by Sol Diaz shows her understanding of the blog "chromosomal disorders" by explaining points of the blog in her own words and adding some information that were not in the blog. sol explained the affects of chromosomal disorders that have led to people being born with syndromes such as klinefelter syndrome and turner syndrome. also sol does not neglect to explain that though chromosomal disorder does not always affect people in a bad way but it will always have some kind of affect on people
DeleteThe blog "chromosomal Disorder" by Ms. Perez Talks about how the process of meiosis and mitosis can cause chromosome abnormalities which can affect a human. Chromosomal disorder talks about how a cell division process can affect a chromosome. This messes up a human because it does not have the correct number of chromosome. People with symptoms are effected by there daily life.
ReplyDeleteThe blog "chromosomal Disorder" by Ms. Perez Talks about how the process of meiosis and mitosis can cause chromosome abnormalities which can affect a human. Chromosomal disorder talks about how a cell division process can affect a chromosome. This messes up a human because it does not have the correct number of chromosome. People with symptoms are effected by there daily life.
ReplyDeleteThis response by Izael talks about how the two processes of meiosis and mitosis can affect a chromosome. So when the chromosome has a disorder thats where its going to affect the child and he/she might be born with a syndrome. With a syndrome people are affected greatly because they process things slower.
DeleteThis blog is about how a chromosomal disorder can affect a persons life. This can affect a person in their life big time because it will destroy the way of them being. The person is now with one more or less chromosome and affects the way of him doing stuff. And also now the family he or she would want to creat will be hard because of the disorder he or she has. This is what affects the persons with this disorders. But they are the same as us but they have a extra or less chromosome.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Jose as the mutation of a chromosome, just one can change your life from the way that you were supposed to live it, to seeing life from a wheelchair or maybe not being able to fully developed muscles. All it takes to change your life is be expose to radiation or maybe chemicals.
DeleteJose shows and explains more information about the blog in general. Jose mentions how a chromosomal disorder can affect a persons life. Furthermore, he explains the ways it can affect a human being. For example, he explains how they are limited to doing things they want to do because they have a mutation that makes them different. He also explains how a family that has someone with a chromosomal disorder is affected because it will be hard to give birth to the child. Lastly, Jose mentions that people with chromosomal disorders may have one more or one less chromosome than an average person.
DeleteIn the article "Chromosomal Disorders" by Ms. Perez she talks about how one can get a chromosomal mutation by being exposed to radiation and chemicals. These two are hazards for a reason as they can make an entire chromosome become mutated. When this happens this chromosome will be affected and a piece of it might fall off and it could attach itself to the chromosome causing triploidy.
ReplyDeleteAnother thing is when the entire structure of the chromosome is altered and the protein production is slowed down which is very important to the body. When this happens there are some consequences such as developmental process being affected and maybe even death will occur.
Another effect is that chromosome number changes along with many other things such as the chromosomes not separating when they need to. These chromosomes are necessary as they will affect a normal persons life when they are born.
Miguel gives further examination on the effects or outcomes that can happen when someone has a chromosomal mutation. He also states that radiation and chemicals can cause a chromosomal mutation because they interfere with the process of making new cells. In addition to this he also refers to how triploidys occur which is when chromosomes don't separate when they need to. His respondse gives us the key components of the blog.
DeleteMiguel Gamino gives his understanding on the prompt "Chromosomal disorders",stating how mutations in chromosomes can create many developing issues.The mutation being exposed to harmful substances causing tripliody which can negatively affect a persons life.
DeleteMiguel explains more about the blog "Chromosomal Disorders" and he elaborates on how they can affect a human by stating " When this happens there are some consequences such as developmental process being affected and maybe even death will occur". He states that something that can also create a chromosomal mutation is exposure to radiation and chemicals. He elaborates on the what else causes chromosome number changes by stating "chromosome number changes along with many other things such as the chromosomes not separating when they need to". Finally, Miguel leaves off his response to the blog by stating how chromosomes are necessary, and impact a persons life when they are born.
DeleteThe blog "Chromosomal Disorders" by Alejandra Perez examines the idea of how chromosomal disorders start during the initial stages of mitosis and meiosis. To begin, the Chromosomal disorders are caused by a cell not having the correct amount of chromosomes not being the correct amount which are 23 pairs. Not having this key number can made significant changes in a person. One change is having turner syndrome which is when a female is missing a x chromosome or part of it. As stated by Ms. Perez in “Chromosomal Disorders”, “In Turner syndrome, females have only one X sex chromosome” In addition to this, when something with chromosomes goes bad, it is called chromosome mutation, which is un unexpected thing. This problem happened during mitosis or meiosis and can be caused by a number of things such as radiation or chemicals. Our chromosomes are grouped up. 23 chromosomes make up a haploid. When two haploids combine, it is called a diploid. A diploid is normal, however, when a cell contains 3 haploids rather than it being called a diploid, it's called a triploidy. When there is 4 haploids it is called a triploidy. Chromosomes are part of a complex part of our cells, a small change, can mean a big difference.
ReplyDeleteIn this blog, "Chromosomal Disorders" Ms. Perez talks about chromosomal mutations, chromosome structure changes. So chromosomal mutations is an unpredictable change that happens in a chromosome. This happens because of the problems during meiosis. I've read that chromosome mutations change and impacts the whole chromosome. Chromosome structure changes are often harmful to an individual leading to developmental difficulties and even death. Some changes are not as harmful and may have no significant effect on an individual.
ReplyDeleteThe blog titled "Chromosomal Disorders" by Ms.Perez addresses the idea of the process of chromosomal disorders develop during the processes of mitosis of meiosis. As stated from the blog, Chromosome mutations can result in changes in the number of chromosomes in a cell or changes in the structure of a chromosome. The blog uses information such as this one to explain the on going development of the genetic disorders. Duplications and breakages of chromosomes are responsible for a type of chromosome mutation that alters chromosome structure is a key detail that illustrates the changes in the genetic structure. Another important idea from this blog states if a mutation causes a cell to have three haploid sets, it is called triploidy, and also states people who suffer from Down Syndrome can be said to have a triploidy because they have an extra chromosome. This demonstrates the causes having an extra chromosome can result as such as having a genetic disorder. The information found in the blog emphasizes the value of knowing the information that is vital from chromosomal disorders.
ReplyDeleteIn this blog "Chromosomal Disorders" by Ms. Perez talks about three topics. Those three topics are chromosome mutation, chromosome structure changes, and chromosome number changes. In the first topic is speaks about how chromosome mutations aren't really expected and can't be predicted. In the second topic it talks about how duplication and breakages of chromosome are responsible for a type of chromosome mutation that alerts chromosome structure. In the third and final paragraph of the blog talks about how the term aneuploidy causes individuals to have a abnormal amount of chromosome.
ReplyDeleteThe blogger Cain Conde explains the idea of how chromosomal disorders start during the initial stages meiosis and mitosis. This blogger with the name of Cain cites examples such as Chromosomal disorders are caused by a cell not having the correct amount of chromosomes not being the correct amount which are 23 pairs. This piece of information from the blogger shows how the genetic disorder is caused and lets readers understand the process of the disorder. Another key detail the blogger uses is "Not having this key number can made significant changes in a person." This is a key detail that explains the effects having an additional chromosome pair and resulting as a disorder. The details that were used from Cain Conde support the idea of having a chromosomal disorder and its process through meiosis and mitosis.
ReplyDeleteIn the blog "Chromosomal Disorders" by Alejandra Perez focuses on the idea of chromosomes and how problems in chromosomes can affect a human body. This blog mentions chromosome mutation. A chromosomal mutation is an unpredictable change and or surprising change that occurs in a chromosome during mitosis or meiosis. Genetic material breaks or tears off from the chromosome and this leads to chromosomal mutation. This may change the number of chromosomes that are in a cell. Chromosome structures may change by the change of genes of a chromosome. Change in chromosomes are affective to human beings. This may lead human beings to having severe difficulties in life or possibly death. Having the exact amount of chromosomes matter because if a persons chromosomes are not normal, the person may not ever be normal in their life span.
ReplyDeleteThe blogger Natalie Mendoza provides facts on how a chromosomal disorder is created and how it may affect one's health. Natalie mentions how a chromosomal disorder may occur during mitosis or meiosis. In addition, natalie provides examples on how a chromosomal mutation may change the numbers of chromosomes that are found in a single cell. Quite in fact, natalie provided enough information on the important of people with a chromosomal mutation and how they are different from one who has a "Normal Life." The only problem I would have is to quote the word normal because no one really knows what normal means. Everyone has a different perspective. However, over all Natalie was successful because she provided sufficient info on the important of a chromosomal disorder.
DeleteThe blog "Chromosomal Disorder" by Alejandra Perez examines the idea of Chromosomal Mutation. A chromosomal mutation is an unpredictable change that occurs in a chromosome. In fact a chromosomal mutation is brought by a disruption during meiosis or by mutagans. The blog uses information to describe the importance of a chromosomal mutation and how it can affect an individuals life. A chromosomal mutation is an essential information that explains how a single change in a chromosome structure can affect the whole system. If one ends up with a missing chromosome or even an extra pair it can affect one leading to development difficulties or even death. The information found in the article supports the value of a chromosomal disorder so that one may prevent it from happening to themselves or a future generation.
ReplyDeleteIn the blog "Chromosomal Disorders" by Alejandra Perez focuses on the idea of chromosomes and how problems in chromosomes can affect a human body. This blog mentions chromosome mutation.In fact a chromosomal mutation is brought by a disruption during meiosis or by mutagens. The blog uses information to describe the importance of a chromosomal mutation and how it can affect an individuals life. A chromosomal mutation is an essential information that explains how a single change in a chromosome structure can affect the whole system.When this happens there are some consequences such as developmental process being affected and maybe even death will occur.Duplication and breakages of chromosomes are responsible for a type of chromosome mutation that alters chromosome structure is a key detail that illustrates the changes in the genetic structure.A diploid is normal, however, when a cell contains 3 haploids rather than it being called a diploid, it's called a triploidy.
ReplyDeleteThe blog titled "Chromosomal Disorder" by Alejandra Perez, she addresses the importance of chromosome mutations and how they develop. The blog uses facts to describe the different kinds of chromosomal mutations. " A chromosome mutation that results in individuals with more than one haploid set of chromosomes in a cell is termed polyploidy" is essential information that explains a type of chromosomal mutation. The information found in the blog "Chromosomal Disorders" emphasize the types of chromosomal mutation and its importance.
ReplyDeleteThe blogger Celeste Ruiz gives commentary about the article by Alexandra Perez explaining how chromosomal mutations can greatly influence a persons life. It can create many issues that involve polyploidy which is one of chromosome has more than one haploid set of chromosomes in a cell.this is why meiosis and mitosis are essential parts in development.
DeleteIn the blog title "Chromosomal Disorders"the author Alejandra Perez states how changes in chromosomes can have serious outcomes such as medical issues.Some of these disorders include fragile-x syndrome,Down syndrome,Turner syndrome and many more.This can be caused by a single change in the chromosomes.This is caused because of a lack of chromosomes or extra ones. An extra chromosome that can be in a set is known as tripliody.This may also lead to certain development issues. Furthermore,chromosomal disorders can cause issues in the protein system and may even lead to death.Adding on,this can last their entire life and in most cases their isn't a cure.There may not be cure to these diagnosis's ,yet there is treatment available.Concluding,these disorders may increase someone's development process.
ReplyDeleteThe blogger Angelica Mundo discusses how chromosomes can have serious outcomes. The disorders that she listed were Fragile -x syndrome , Down syndrome , and Turner syndrome. These are all very serious diseases that are life changing as Angelica mentions. An important fact that she wrote was the lack of chromosomes can be one of the reasons why people get those diseases. Angelica explained very well why people get life threatening diseases and what they were called.
DeleteThe blog "Chromosomal Disorder" by Alejandra Perez examines the idea of Chromosomal Mutation which is a problem with chromosomes during meiosis. The blog uses information to describe the importance of a chromosomal mutation and how it can affect an individuals life. A chromosomal mutation is information that explains how a single change in a chromosome structure can affect the whole system. If one ends up with a missing chromosome or even an extra pair it can affect one leading to development difficulties or even death. The information found in the article supports the value of a chromosomal disorder so that one may not be able it from happening to individuals.
ReplyDeleteThe blogger Paulina Martinez explains on how chromosomal mutation occurs during the process of meiosis. Paulina also uses evidence on how it affects someones daily life and states that during chromosomal mutation happens and how it affects the entire system when just one simple little thing goes wrong in the process. The blogger also mentions that just when one thing goes wrong it may cause someone to have a difficult time to develop or it may also cause that person to die.
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DeleteThe blog "Chromosomal Mutation" by Alexandra Perez informs us about the idea about how it affects someones body and how it occurs. A chromosomal disorder is an unpredictable change that occurs in the chromosomes. This problem is brought by the process of meiosis. The results that people get because of chromosomal mutation is the number of chromosomes in a cell and also the structure of a cell. The changes affect the protein product which is due to the change in the genes of the chromosome. The chromosome structure is harmful to those who have chromosomal mutation. An aneuplodity cell occurs during the breakage of a cell. Because of sex chromosomes can cause someone to have an either Klinefelter or Turner syndrome. When someone has down syndrome it is because they have an extra chromosome. Those to whom have down syndrome have triplodity which means when cells have four haploid sets which means thay have an extra set of chromosomes.
ReplyDeleteThe blog titled " Chromosomal Disorders " by Alejandra Perez addresses how chromosomes affect a human being. The blog informs that errors can happen during meiosis and mitosis. For example Down syndrome is a condition that occurs due to nondisjunction in autosomal cells , down syndrome basically has an extra chromosome which is why people get this disease. Nondisjunction is a key detail because it is the failure of homologous when they separate in cell division. Another important idea from the blog is that a change in a chromosome can change everything. When things like that go wrong a number of things go wrong. One can get down syndrome or worse case scenario some may pass. These examples are very important because they confirm that chromosome mutation is a big deal and can impact a persons life.
ReplyDeleteIn the blog chromosomal disorders it shows how an individual can be affected by deformations during development. These deformations are the outcome of even the smallest error that often take place during mitosis and meiosis. This can result in bodily disfunctions, numerous syndromes, and even death. All of these effects can all be the possible outcomes of a slight change in the human system. And it also can a major impact on an individual later on from society or just the disorder alone. From society, an individual that has inherited a syndrome such as down syndrome can experience bullying and be granted less possibilities from their world. From the disorder, an indiviual that can have another type of syndrome that is for males known as "Kinefelter Syndrome" can have many body deformatioms such as micropenis, breast enlargement, slender arms, etc., etc. This can cause the individual to live a difficult physical life. There is many more examples such as these that show how worst these deformations can be and what can be the effects to a human being that prevents them to live a healthy life.
ReplyDeleteThe blog "chromosomal disorders"by Ms. Perez shows how a chromosomal change can affect an individual through the examples she stated. In the blog Ms. Perez gives the examples Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome and down syndrome when explaining an aneuploid and the effects having a extra chromosomes. In the blog it was explained that chromosomal disorders were caused in the processes of mitosis and meiosis or by mutagens exposed the to individuals. a chromosomal disorder can affect an individual's health by slowing down the person's protein production and changing some of the genes of the individual. the blog states that this can be lethal towards the individual and in some cases can even kill the person
ReplyDelete